What is bullying?

Bullying is ‘the repetitive, intentional hurting of one person or group by another person or group, where the relationship involves an imbalance of power. Bullying can be physical, verbal or psychological. It can happen face-to-face or online.’

Anti-Bullying Alliance

Definition of bullying

What are the effects of bullying?

Bullying can have serious short-term and long-term effects on a person’s mental, emotional, physical, and social well-being. It affects not only children and teens but also adults in workplaces or online spaces. Here are the main types of effects:

1. Mental and Emotional Effects

• Low self-esteem – victims may start believing negative things said about them.
• Anxiety – constant fear of being targeted or humiliated.
• Depression – persistent sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in activities.
• Loneliness and isolation – victims may withdraw from friends and social situations.
• Increased risk of self-harm or suicidal thoughts (sometimes linked to conditions like Major Depressive Disorder).

2. Academic or Work Performance

• Can interfere with concentration and motivation.
• Poor grades or declining performance
• Difficulty focusing or remembering information
• Avoiding school or work
• Increased absenteeism

3. Physical Health Effects

• Headaches
• Stomach aches
• Sleep problems or insomnia
• Fatigue
• Changes in appetite

4. Social Effects

• Bullying often damages a person’s relationships and social confidence.
• Difficulty trusting others
• Trouble forming friendships
• Social withdrawal
• Fear of group settings or public spaces

5. Long-Term Effects - can last into adulthood

• Long-term mental health struggles
• Difficulty maintaining relationships
• Lower career or academic confidence
• Higher risk of ongoing anxiety or depression

6. Effects on the Bully

People who bully others may also experience negative outcomes later in life.

• Increased likelihood of aggression or violence
• Higher risk of legal or disciplinary problems
• Difficulty maintaining healthy relationships

Helpful contacts: 

https://anti-bullyingalliance.org.uk/

https://www.nationalbullyinghelpline.co.uk/

To speak to a qualified counsellor in Stirling please contact me on 07762 459479 or complete the form below.